starting to study excuses to 'adapt' morality

Analizing prohibitions and apparent exceptions

I would study the case one bad is supposed to be preventively excused in front of a greater one, instead of trying to avoid both.

Gemini-Bard's reply:

The "Lesser of Two Evils" Argument: A Complex Ethical Dilemma

The "lesser of two evils" argument is a common ethical dilemma where one must choose between two bad options. The goal is to select the option that causes the least harm or the greatest good.

Key Considerations When Applying This Argument:

Weighing Harms: Carefully evaluate the potential harms of each option. Consider the severity, scope, and likelihood of negative consequences.
Long-Term Consequences: Assess the long-term implications of each choice. While one option may seem less harmful in the short term, it could have unintended consequences later.
Alternatives: Explore if there are any alternative options that might avoid both evils altogether. Sometimes, a creative solution can be found that avoids the need to choose between two bad choices.
Ethical Principles: Consider the underlying ethical principles involved in each choice. Are there any fundamental values that should be upheld, even if it means accepting some level of harm?

Example:

Imagine a scenario where a doctor must choose between treating a patient with a potentially harmful medication that could save their life or refusing treatment, which could lead to death. This is a classic "lesser of two evils" dilemma.

Challenges and Criticisms:

Subjectivity: Determining which option is the "lesser evil" can be subjective and depend on individual values and perspectives.
Slippery Slope: The "lesser of two evils" argument can be misused to justify harmful actions, particularly if it becomes a habit of choosing the "lesser evil" rather than striving for the best possible outcome.
Moral Relativism: This argument can sometimes lead to moral relativism, where there are no absolute moral standards and any action can be justified if it's seen as the "lesser evil."

It's important to use the "lesser of two evils" argument with caution and to consider all relevant factors before making a decision. In many cases, it's preferable to seek alternative solutions that avoid the need to choose between two harmful options.